Innovations in the General Provisions of Criminal Law and Property Penalties under the First Lithuanian Statute of 1529
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2409-4544/2019-2/1Keywords:
Lithuanian Statute of 1529, criminal law, property penalties, holovshchynaAbstract
The article considers the rules of criminal law and the principles of the administration of justice, set out in the Lithuanian Statute of 1529. The first Lithuanian of 1529 was based on the provisions of Rus'ka Pravda, the norms of Common law, and a number of articles from the Polish and German Codes of law. The provisions of criminal law were lodged in chapters twelve and thirteen of the Statute of 1529, however other Statute chapters also contained certain norms of the criminal law. The study of the issues regarding the innovations in the general provisions of the criminal law allows to conclude that the norms of the Old Lithuanian Statute have incorporated the humanistic ideas of equality before the law, but in practice, the implementation of these norms remained unrealized. With regard to the property punishments, the study has revealed an innovative form of punishment – holovshchyna (in Rus'ka Pravda a fine for the «head of the killed» paid to the family or his relatives). However, it was applied only as an additional or supplementary one. The first Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in its norms had significant progress in the process of systematization and codification of medieval criminal law not only in Ukraine but in Europe too. During the development of the Statute, such complex theoretical and practical issues as the division of legal norms by branches and their placement in a certain system were resolved for the first time. Although the Statute of 1529 provided for the saving of privileges in the field of criminal law for the ruling classes, but its norms proclaimed the general rule of law, which, of course, was a significant step for the development of law at that time. The legislator in the Statute of 1529 contained new principles for criminal law and continued to develop the previous ones, such as the equality of all free people according the law, which was proclaimed at the legislative level, prosecution only in the court and individualization of punishment.
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